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Subjonctif - cours

 Le subjonctif

Le subjonctif n'existe quasiment plus en anglais britannique. (On le trouve toujours en anglais canadien et américain).

On en trouve des restes en anglais britannique dans certaines formules avec 'if + to be', et dans certaines phrases fixes. (Dans bon nombre de cas, le subjonctif est remplacé par le modal 'would', pour exprimer le conditionnel.)

> Avec 'if + to be' : quoiqu'on accepte aussi l'indicatif (langue familière), il est considéré plus correct d'utiliser la forme 'were' (au lieu de 'was') aux première et troisième personnes du singulier :
If I were Muriel, I'd never go back there. (Si j'étais Muriel, je n'y retournerais jamais.)
If she were alone, I'd stop by to see her. (Si elle était seule, je passerais la voir.)
He acts as if he were crazy. (Il se démène comme s'il était fou.)

> Dans tous les autres cas, la règle est simple: il suffit d'utiliser le 'subjonctif prétérit' ou 'prétérit modal':
If I had enough money, I would buy a big house.

> Il existe également de nombreuses phrases fixes et proverbes, qui utilisent le subjonctif présent ou prétérit:
God help us! (Que Dieu nous préserve !)
Long live the king! (Vive le roi !)
Would that I were free! (Si seulement j'étais libre !)

TEST: trouver la suite logique de chaque phrase.

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1. If Peter won $200,000, I would get better marks. I would travel all over the world. he would buy a big house. he wouldn't eat meat. it would be easier to carry big things. she would be very happy.
2. If I learnt my lessons, I would get better marks. I would travel all over the world. he would buy a big house. he wouldn't eat meat. it would be easier to carry big things. she would be very happy.
3. If Peter phoned his mother, I would get better marks. I would travel all over the world. he would buy a big house. he wouldn't eat meat. it would be easier to carry big things. she would be very happy.
4. If I were rich, I would get better marks. I would travel all over the world. he would buy a big house. he wouldn't eat meat. it would be easier to carry big things. she would be very happy.
5. If Peter was a vegetarian, I would get better marks. I would travel all over the world. he would buy a big house. he wouldn't eat meat. it would be easier to carry big things. she would be very happy.
6. If you had a car, I would get better marks. I would travel all over the world. he would buy a big house. he wouldn't eat meat. it would be easier to carry big things. she would be very happy.