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Prépositions, postpositions : Alice in Wonderland - cours

 Alice in Wonderland
By Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll

La lecture de l’extrait ci-dessous (début de l’œuvre), sera ici une occasion de réviser les

prépositions et les postpositions

Chapter I : Down the rabbit hole

“Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do : once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, “and what is the use of a book,” thought Alice, “without pictures or conversation?”

So she was considering, in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.”

Dans un texte en anglais, on rencontre inévitablement un grand nombre de prépositions et de postpositions. Leur rôle dans la phrase est très différent : mais comment les utiliser ?

Une préposition, comme son nom l’indique, est placée devant un complément d’objet :             
the Rabbit looked at his watch (le complément d’objet est sa montre).

Une postposition suit un verbe dont elle précise ou modifie le sens :
the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket
(le verbe « to take » est modifié par la postposition « out »,
 il prend la montre tout en la sortant de sa poche).

Quelques exemples (on remarquera qu’un même mot peut être utilisé comme pré ou postposition selon son rôle dans la phrase) :

Alice vient de rencontrer un étrange Lapin blanc aux yeux roses, qui court en regardant sa montre.

L’exercice consiste à remettre les pré et postpositions à leur place dans la suite du texte.

(à noter un intrus : before, préposition, employée ici comme adverbe).

Hurry up* ! (but not too much…)

*To hurry on = continuer à la hâte (mouvement)

*To hurry up = se dépêcher (pas de notion de mouvement précisée, mais il peut y en avoir un) 

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There was nothing so very remarkable across after at before down in on out over to under that ; nor did Alice think it so very much across after at before down in on out over to under of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself “Oh dear ! Oh dear ! I shall be too late !” (when she thought it across after at before down in on out over to under afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered across after at before down in on out over to under this, but across after at before down in on out over to under the time it all seemed quite natural) ; but when the Rabbit actually took a watch across after at before down in on out over to under of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked across after at before down in on out over to under it, and then hurried across after at before down in on out over to under, Alice started across after at before down in on out over to under her feet, for it flashed across after at before down in on out over to under her mind that she had never across after at before down in on out over to under seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take across after at before down in on out over to under of it, and, burning with curiosity, she ran across after at before down in on out over to under the field across after at before down in on out over to under it, and was just in time to see it pop across after at before down in on out over to under a large rabbit-hole across after at before down in on out over to under the hedge.