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    http://www. AnglaisFacile.com / VOA Special English

    WORDBOOK

    A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N
    O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|Y|Z

     

      PARTS OF SPEECH

    TOP

    n. (noun) - a name word

    v. (verb) - an action word

    ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word

    prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation

    pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun

    conj. (conjunction) - a joining word

    A

    TOP

    a (an) - ad. one; any; each

    able - v. having the power to do something

    about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.")

    above - ad. at a higher place

    accept - v. to agree to receive

    accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event

    accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone

    across - ad. from side to side; to the other side

    act - v. to do something

    activist - n. one who seeks change through action

    actor - n. someone acting in a play or show

    add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more

    administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister

    admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")

    adult - n. a grown person

    advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision

    affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.")

    afraid - ad. feeling fear

    after - ad. later; behind

    again - ad. another time; as before

    against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something

    age - n. how old a person or thing is

    agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations")

    aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders

    ago - ad. of time past; before now

    agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something

    agriculture - n. farming

    aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance

    aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose

    air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe

    air force - n. a military organization using airplanes

    airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies

    airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land

    album - n. a collection of recorded music

    alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products

    alive - ad. having life; not dead

    all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount

    ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose

    almost - ad. a little less than completely

    alone - ad. separated from others

    along - ad. near or on ("along the road")

    already - ad. before now; even now

    also - ad. added to; too

    although - conj. even if it is true that

    always - ad. at all times; every time

    ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government)

    amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)

    ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns

    among - ad. in or part of (a group)

    amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything

    anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness

    ancestor - n. a family member from the past

    ancient - ad. very old; long ago

    and - conj. also; in addition to; with

    anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something

    animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat

    anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past

    announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially

    another - ad. one more; a different one

    answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question

    any - ad. one or more of no special kind

    apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility

    appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help

    appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem

    appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")

    approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support

    archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities

    area - n. any place or part of it

    argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree

    arms - n. military equipment; weapons

    army - n. military ground forces

    around - ad. on every side (of)

    arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner

    arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip

    art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues

    artillery - n. big guns

    as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while

    ash - n. the part left after something burns

    ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.")

    assist - v. to help

    astronaut - n. a person who travels in space

    astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe

    asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country

    at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")

    atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet

    attach - v. to tie together; to connect

    attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight

    attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort

    attend - v. to be present at

    automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car

    autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter

    average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal

    avoid - v. to stay away from

    awake - ad. not sleeping

    award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service

    away - ad. not near

    B

    TOP

    baby - n. a newly born creature

    back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward

    bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good

    balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal

    ball - n. something round

    balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air

    ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting

    ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction

    bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money

    bar - v. to prevent or block

    barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult

    base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.")

    battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces

    be - v. to live; to happen; to exist

    beat - v. to hit again and again

    beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit

    because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")

    become - v. to come to be

    bed - n. a sleeping place

    before - prep. earlier

    begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start

    behind - ad. at the back of; in back of

    believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust

    bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell")

    belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of

    below - ad. lower than

    best - ad. the most good

    betray - v. to turn against; to be false to

    better - ad. more good than

    between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations")

    big - ad. of great size; not small

    bill - n. a legislative proposal

    biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms

    bird - n. a creature that flies

    bite - v. to cut with the teeth

    black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky

    blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible

    blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm

    bleed - v. to lose blood

    blind - ad. not able to see

    block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement

    blood - n. red fluid in the body

    blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")

    blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky

    boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods

    body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal

    boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot

    bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs

    bone - n. the hard material in the body

    book - n. a long written work for reading

    border - n. a dividing line between nations

    born - v. to come to life; to come into existence

    borrow - v. to take as a loan

    both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together

    bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid

    bottom - ad. the lowest part of something

    box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood

    boy - n. a young male person

    boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with

    brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures

    brave - ad. having no fear

    bread - n. a food made from grain

    break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy

    breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again

    bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other

    brief - ad. short; not long

    bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color

    bring - v. to come with something

    broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program

    brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person

    brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee

    budget - n. a spending plan

    build - v. to join materials together to make something

    building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment

    bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun

    burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire

    burst - v. to break open suddenly

    bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth

    bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people

    business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade

    busy - ad. doing something; very active

    but - conj. however; other than; yet

    buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money

    by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")

    C

    TOP

    cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government

    call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.")

    calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense

    camera - n. a device for taking pictures

    camp - n. a place with temporary housing

    campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war

    can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal

    cancel - v. to end; to stop

    cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body

    candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor

    capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is

    capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies

    capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of

    car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train

    care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest

    careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought

    carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another

    case (court) - n. a legal action

    case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.")

    cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans

    catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands

    cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result

    ceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement

    celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities

    center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity

    century - n. one hundred years

    ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition

    chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group

    champion - n. the best; the winner

    chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen

    change - v. to make different; to become different

    charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something

    chase - v. to run or go after someone or something

    cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from

    cheer - v. to shout approval or praise

    chemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry

    chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances

    chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important

    child - n. a baby; a boy or girl

    children - n. more than one child

    choose - v. to decide between two or more

    circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O"

    citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law

    city - n. any important large town

    civilian - ad. not military

    civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation

    claim - v. to say something as a fact

    clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose

    clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water")

    clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood

    clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization

    climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place

    climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands

    clock - n. a device that measures and shows time

    close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to

    cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances

    clothes - n. what people wear

    cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky

    coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel

    coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together

    coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean

    coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name

    cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature

    collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes")

    college - n. a small university

    colony - n. land controlled by another country or government

    color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others

    combine - v. to mix or bring together

    come - v. to move toward; to arrive

    command - v. to order; to have power over something

    comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something

    committee - n. a group of people given special work

    common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")

    communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information

    community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area

    company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes

    compare - v. to examine what is different or similar

    compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others

    complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished

    complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple

    compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded

    computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others

    concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned")

    condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad

    condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health

    conference - n. a meeting

    confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true

    conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one

    congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck

    Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries

    connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link

    conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change

    consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully

    constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government

    contain - v. to hold; to include

    container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something

    continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world

    continue - v. to go on doing or being

    control - v. to direct; to have power over

    convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose

    cook - v. to heat food before eating it

    cool - ad. almost cold

    cooperate - v. to act or work together

    copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another

    corn - n. a food grain

    correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right

    cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")

    cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name

    count - v. to speak or add numbers

    country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities

    court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law

    cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing

    cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk

    crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force

    create - v. to make; to give life or form to

    creature - n. any living being; any animal or human

    credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time

    crew - n. a group of people working together

    crime - n. an act that violates a law

    criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime

    crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation

    criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge

    crops - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables

    cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across

    crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place

    crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely

    cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain

    culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population

    cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.")

    curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses

    current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.")

    custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people

    customs - n. taxes on imports

    cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce

    D

    TOP

    dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water

    damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things

    dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music

    danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss

    dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")

    date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year

    daughter - n. a person's female child

    day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight

    dead - ad. not living

    deaf - ad. not able to hear

    deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")

    debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument

    debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing

    decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge

    declare - v. to say; to make a statement

    decrease - v. to make less in size or amount

    deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom

    defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost

    defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect

    deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports

    define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain

    degree - n. a measure of temperature

    delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late

    delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another

    demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force

    democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions

    demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")

    denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely

    deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request

    depend - v. to need help and support

    deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness

    deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action

    depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs

    describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something

    desert - n. a dry area of land

    design - v. to plan or create plans for

    desire - v. to want very much; to wish for

    destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of

    detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information

    develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress

    device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose

    dictator - n. a ruler with complete power

    die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end

    diet - n. usual daily food and drink

    different - ad. not the same

    difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out

    dig - v. to make a hole in the ground

    dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.")

    diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government

    direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.")

    direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to

    dirt - n. earth or soil

    disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist

    disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device

    discover - v. to find or learn something

    discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas

    disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria

    dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider

    dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate

    dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government

    distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.")

    dive - v. to jump into water head first

    divide - v. to separate into two or more parts

    do - v. to act; to make an effort

    doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people

    document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something

    dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans

    dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents

    door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room

    down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place

    dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future

    drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth

    drive - v. to control a moving vehicle

    drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower

    drown - v. to die under water

    drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind

    dry - ad. not wet; without rain

    during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)

    dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air

    duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just

    E

    TOP

    each - ad. every one by itself

    early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late

    earn - v. to be paid in return for work done

    earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil

    earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface

    ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult

    east - n. the direction from which the sun rises

    easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do

    eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth

    ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things

    economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized

    edge - n. the line where something ends or begins

    education - n. the act of teaching

    effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.")

    effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something

    egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby

    either - ad. one of two, but not the other

    elect - v. to choose by voting

    electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines

    embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants

    emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action

    emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness

    employ - v. to give work in return for wages

    empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything

    end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last

    enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war

    energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active

    enforce - v. to make something be done

    engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work

    engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads

    enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something

    enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed

    enter - v. to come or go into

    environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals

    equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights

    equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity

    escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of

    especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")

    establish - v. to bring into existence; to create

    estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information

    ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived

    evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas

    even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.")

    event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance

    ever - ad. at any time

    every - ad. each one; all

    evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing

    evil - ad. not good; extremely bad

    exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail

    examine - v. to study closely

    example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like

    excellent - ad. extremely good

    except - prep. but for

    exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another

    excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action

    execute - v. to kill

    exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health

    exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country

    exist - v. to be; to live

    expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger

    expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event

    expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away

    experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.")

    experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something

    expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training

    explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning

    explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb

    explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely

    export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale

    express - v. to say clearly

    extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time

    extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary

    extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted

    extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way

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    face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger

    fact - n. something known or proved to be true

    factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made

    fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal

    fair - ad. just; honest; what is right

    fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position

    false - ad. not true; not correct

    family - n. the group that includes children and their parents

    famous - ad. known very well to many people

    far - ad. at, to or from a great distance

    farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food

    fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick

    fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy

    father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children

    fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")

    federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government

    feed - v. to give food to

    feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching

    female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women

    fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out

    fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much

    few - ad. not many; a small number of

    field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals

    fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry

    fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle

    fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more

    film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie

    final - ad. at the end; last

    financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks

    find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")

    fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin

    finish - v. to complete; to end

    fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning

    fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations

    firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")

    first - ad. coming before all others

    fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water

    fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")

    fix - v. to make good or right again

    flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization

    flat - ad. smooth; having no high places

    flee - v. to run away from

    float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air

    flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land

    floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")

    flow - v. to move like a liquid

    flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds

    fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid

    fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle

    fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground

    follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey

    food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth

    fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily

    foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks

    for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.")

    force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group

    foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country

    forest - n. a place of many trees

    forget - v. to not remember

    forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt

    form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.")

    former - ad. earlier in time; not now

    forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front

    free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost

    freedom - n. the condition of being free

    freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold

    fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent

    friend - n. a person one likes and trusts

    frighten - v. to cause great fear

    from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.")

    front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part

    fruit - n. food from trees and plants

    fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power

    full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete

    fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness

    funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead

    future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")

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    gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase

    game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports

    gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power

    gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect

    general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all

    gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent

    get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner
    of

    gift - n. something given without cost

    girl - n. a young female person

    give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment

    glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids

    go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave

    goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race

    god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers

    gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal

    good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad

    goods - n. things owned or made to be sold

    govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power

    government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area

    grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds

    granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son

    grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother

    grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother

    grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son

    grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves

    gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white

    great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important

    green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass

    grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing

    ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil

    group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose

    grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount

    guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen

    guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.")

    guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police

    guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way

    guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action

    gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets

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    hair - n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the head

    half - n. one of two equal parts of something

    halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop

    hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging

    happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place

    happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad

    hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much effort or force

    harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt

    harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered

    hat - n. a head cover

    hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love

    have - v. to possess; to own; to hold

    he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about

    head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position

    headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization

    heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well

    health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease

    hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about

    heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun

    heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force

    helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground

    help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid

    here - ad. in, to or at this place

    hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise

    hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret

    high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others

    hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force

    hill - n. a small mountain

    history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past

    hit - v. to strike; to touch with force

    hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")

    hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something

    holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event

    holy - ad. greatly honored in religion

    home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives

    honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted

    honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his efforts to help others.")

    hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen

    horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible

    horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work

    hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care

    hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored

    hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war

    hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature

    hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers

    hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes

    house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")

    how - ad. in what way; to what amount

    however - conj. yet; but

    huge - ad. very big; of great size

    human - ad. of or about people

    humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh

    hunger - n. the need for food

    hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find

    hurry - v. to do or go fast

    hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage

    husband - n. a man who is married

    I

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    I - pro. the person speaking

    ice - n. frozen water

    idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief

    identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are

    if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")

    illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law

    imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea

    immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place

    import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another country, usually for sale

    important - ad. having great meaning, value or power

    improve - v. to make better; to become better

    in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during

    incident - n. an event or something that happens

    incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent

    include - v. to have; to make a part of

    increase - v. to make more in size or amount

    independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; separate

    individual - n. one person

    industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing

    infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease

    inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down

    influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change

    inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to

    information - n. knowledge; facts

    inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body through the skin

    injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal

    innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action

    insane - ad. mentally sick

    insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings

    inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert

    instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of

    instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something

    insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or dishonored

    intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying

    intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn

    intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious

    interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the use of money borrowed

    interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of others, especially when not asked to do so

    international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole world

    intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve

    invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army

    invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or way of doing something

    invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making more money

    investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or charge; to search for the truth

    invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering

    involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include

    iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools

    island - n. a land area with water all around it

    issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing about

    it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")

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    jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those serving sentences for crimes that are not serious

    jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald

    job - n. the work that one does to earn money

    join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of

    joint - ad. shared by two or more

    joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh

    judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court

    jump - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air

    jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial

    just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")

    K

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    keep - v. to possess; to have for oneself

    kick - v. to hit with the foot

    kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force

    kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die

    kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful

    kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor

    knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut

    know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize someone because you have met and talked together before

    knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding

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    labor - n. work; workers as a group

    laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done

    lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having

    lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land

    land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground

    language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group

    large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small

    last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")

    late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early

    laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings

    launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space

    law - n. all or any rules made by a government

    lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first

    leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid)

    learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts

    leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is

    left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite right

    legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law

    legislature - n. a government lawmaking group

    lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money

    less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much

    let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible

    letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another person

    level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of something or someone

    liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change

    lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one knows is not true

    life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things

    lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level

    light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy

    lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm

    like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in the same way as; similar to

    limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number permitted

    line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces

    link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events

    liquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like water

    list - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a written series of names or things

    listen - v. to try to hear

    literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country

    little - ad. not tall or big; a small amount

    live - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive

    load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is carried

    loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; something borrowed

    local - ad. about or having to do with one place

    lonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a lonely man")

    long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for much time

    look - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to seem to be

    lose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated

    loud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise

    love - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hate

    low - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground

    loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something

    luck - n. something that happens by chance

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    machine - n. a device with moving parts used to do work

    magazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information

    mail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, such as a post office

    main - ad. the most important or largest

    major - ad. great in size, importance or amount

    majority - n. the greater number; more than half

    make - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an action; to cause to be or to become

    male - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or about men

    man - n. an adult male human

    manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts

    many - ad. a large number or amount of

    map - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it

    march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something

    mark - v. to make a sign or cut on something

    market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them

    marry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)

    mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size

    mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature

    material - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; anything that can be made into something else

    mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs

    matter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of

    may - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")

    mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government

    meal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner

    mean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of

    measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action taken; a legislative proposal

    meat - n. the part of a dead animal used for food

    media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio

    medicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or study of treating and curing disease or improving health

    meet - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and place

    melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it

    member - n. one of a group

    memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event

    memory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a thing remembered

    mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind

    mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon

    message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group

    metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold

    method - n. the way something is done

    microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied

    middle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; ad. in the center

    militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence

    military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces

    milk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young

    mind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person

    mine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water
    so it cannot be seen

    mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt

    minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister,"foreign minister")

    minor - ad. small in size; of little importance

    minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority

    minute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds

    miss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet

    missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target

    missing - ad. lost; not found

    mistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong

    mix - v. to put different things together to make one thing

    mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people

    model - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work

    moderate - ad. not extreme

    modern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved

    money - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things

    month - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided

    moon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days

    moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions

    more - ad. greater in size or amount

    morning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon

    most - ad. greatest in size or amount

    mother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children

    motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place

    mountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around it

    mourn - v. to express or feel sadness

    move - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go

    movement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal

    movie - n. a motion picture; a film

    much - ad. great in amount

    murder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another person

    music - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument

    must - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to school.")

    mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret

    N

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    name - v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a person,
    animal or thing is known or called

    narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other

    nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems

    native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there

    natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind

    nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans

    navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea

    near - ad. not far; close to

    necessary - ad. needed to get a result or effect; required

    need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do

    negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution

    neither - ad. not one or the other of two

    neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute

    never - ad. at no time; not ever

    new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different

    news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media

    next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest

    nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind

    night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light

    no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all

    noise - n. sound, especially when loud

    nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position

    noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime

    normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected

    north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun

    not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.")

    note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter

    nothing - n. not anything; no thing

    now - ad. at this time; immediately

    nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place

    nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms

    number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things

    O

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    obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act

    object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched

    observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They
    will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")

    occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force

    ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water

    of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among

    off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected

    offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking

    offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed

    office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed

    officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force

    official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power

    often - ad. many times

    oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel

    old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years

    on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.")

    once - ad. one time only

    only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.")

    open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret

    operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons

    opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking

    oppose - v. to be against; to fight against

    opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")

    oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power

    or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices

    orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet

    order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws

    organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system

    other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.")

    our - ad. of or belonging to us

    oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force

    out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in

    over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world")

    overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force

    owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received

    own - v. to have or possess for oneself

    P

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    pain - n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body

    paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface

    pan - n. a metal container used for cooking

    paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing

    parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground

    parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary

    pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment

    parent - n. a father or mother

    parliament - n. a government lawmaking group

    part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something

    party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment

    pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go

    passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver

    passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country

    past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former

    path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves

    patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem

    pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought

    peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet

    people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people")

    percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")

    perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes

    perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others

    period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions

    permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time

    permit - v. to let; to make possible

    person - n. a man, woman or child

    physical - ad. of the body

    physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy

    picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera

    piece - n. a part of something larger

    pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat

    pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter

    pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas

    place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country

    plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")

    planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")

    plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth

    plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things

    play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater

    please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment

    plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount

    plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal

    poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions

    point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something

    poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health

    police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency

    policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business

    politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office

    pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water

    poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality

    popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public

    population - n. all the people in a place, city or country

    port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm

    position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization

    possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by

    possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen

    postpone - v. to delay action until a later time

    pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow

    power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.")

    praise - v. to say good things about; to approve

    pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit

    pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby

    present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")

    president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization

    press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications

    pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else

    prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening

    price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale

    prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime

    private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public

    prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get

    probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible

    problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer

    process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result

    produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture

    profession - n. a job that requires special training

    professor - n. a teacher at a
    college or university

    profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity

    program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show

    progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal

    project - n. a planned effort to do something

    propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions

    property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods

    propose - v. to present or offer for consideration

    protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged

    protest - v. to speak against; to object

    prove - v. to show to be true

    provide - v. to give something needed or wanted

    public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private

    publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine

    publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine

    pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push

    pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through

    punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal

    purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought

    pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean

    purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal

    push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull

    put - v. to place; to set in position

    Q

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    quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.")

    question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed

    quick - ad. fast

    quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm

    R

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    race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color

    radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen

    radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous

    radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires

    raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something

    railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment

    rain - n. water falling from the sky

    raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase

    rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often

    rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold

    reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to

    react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to

    read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers

    ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing

    real - ad. true; truly existing; not false

    realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are

    reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains

    reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise

    rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country

    receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent

    recent - ad. a short time ago

    recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs

    recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government

    record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something

    recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.")

    red - ad. having the color like that of blood

    reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut

    reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition

    refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war

    refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something

    regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens

    reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe

    relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties

    release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public

    religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods

    remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same

    remains - n. a dead body

    remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget

    remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office

    repair - n. work done to fix something

    repeat - v. to say or do again

    report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed

    represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example

    repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force

    request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for

    require - v. to need or demand as necessary

    rescue - v. to free from danger or evil

    research - n. a careful study to discover correct information

    resign - v. to leave a position, job or office

    resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent

    resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting

    resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold

    responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")

    rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others

    restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group

    restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger

    result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect

    retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health

    return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back

    revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government

    rice - n. a food grain

    rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something

    ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat

    right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left

    riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people

    rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing

    risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury

    river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean

    road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other

    rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal

    rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter

    rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon

    roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball

    room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls

    root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil

    rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying

    rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well

    round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle

    rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing

    rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals

    ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy

    rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done

    run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking

    S

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    sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")

    sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person

    sad - ad. not happy

    safe - ad. away from harm or danger

    sail - v. to travel by boat or ship

    sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship

    salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food

    same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others

    sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts

    satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth

    satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded

    save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use

    say - v. to speak; to express in words

    school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn

    science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them

    sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean

    search - v. to look for carefully

    season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season")

    seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament")

    second - ad. the one that comes after the first

    secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few

    security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")

    see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know

    seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow

    seek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")

    seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")

    seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest

    self - n. all that which makes one person different from others

    sell - v. to give something in exchange for money

    Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress

    send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place

    sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel

    sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime

    separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different

    series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order

    serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous

    serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help

    service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony

    set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit

    settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place

    several - ad. three or more, but not many

    severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage

    sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young

    shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements

    shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks

    share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company

    sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain

    she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about

    sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair

    shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover

    shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety

    shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright

    ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat

    shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake

    shoe - n. a covering for the foot

    shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun

    short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall

    should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.")

    shout - v. to speak very loudly

    show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public

    shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value

    sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health

    sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health

    side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body

    sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information

    signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message

    silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound

    silver - n. a valued white metal

    similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same

    simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex

    since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to school together.")

    sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice

    single - ad. one only

    sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid

    sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person

    sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated

    situation - n. the way things are during a period of time

    size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is

    skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions

    skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience

    skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals

    sky - n. the space above the earth

    slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another

    sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed

    slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface

    slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities

    small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large

    smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with >force

    smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of food cooking")

    smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning

    smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough

    snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold

    so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.")

    social - ad. of or about people or a group

    soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud

    soil - n. earth in which plants grow

    soldier - n. a person in the army

    solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas

    solve - v. to find an answer; to settle

    some - ad. of an amount or number or part not
    stated; not all

    son - n. a person's male child

    soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly

    sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something

    sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard

    south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun

    space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things

    speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group

    special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind

    speech - n. a talk given to a group of people

    speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done

    spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")

    spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident

    spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death

    split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts

    sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill

    spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known

    spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer

    spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country

    square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides

    stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon

    stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place

    star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer

    start - v. to begin; to make something begin

    starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food

    state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation

    station - n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts

    statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal

    stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")

    steal - v. to take without permission or paying

    steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water

    steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances

    step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal

    stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood

    still - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")

    stone - n. a small piece of rock

    stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end

    store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things

    storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow

    story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined

    stove - n. a heating device used for cooking

    straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns

    strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known

    street - n. a road in a city, town or village

    stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider

    strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands

    strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed

    structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building

    struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight

    study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully

    stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent

    subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about

    submarine - n. an underwater ship

    substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)

    substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another

    subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly

    succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result

    such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to

    sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation

    suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness

    sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants

    suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider

    summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn

    sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth

    supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others

    supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others

    support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve

    suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")

    suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly

    sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question

    surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.")

    surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")

    surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected

    surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat

    surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something

    survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation

    suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty

    suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time

    swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth

    swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.")

    sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar

    swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs

    sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness

    system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal

    T

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    take - v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.")

    talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion

    tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short

    tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns

    target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at

    taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")

    tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services

    tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name

    teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand

    team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports

    tear - v. to pull apart, often by force

    tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying

    technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.")

    technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services

    telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances

    telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger

    television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver

    tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command

    temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold

    temporary - ad. lasting only a short time

    tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm

    term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it

    terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear

    territory - n. a large area of land

    terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear

    terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government

    test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")

    than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")

    thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")

    that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I saw was very large.")

    the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about

    theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed

    them - pro. other people being spoken about

    then - ad. at that time; existing; and so

    theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")

    there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place

    these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already

    they - pro. those ones being spoken about

    thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin

    thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick

    thing - n. any object

    think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe

    third - ad. coming after two others

    this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already

    threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage

    through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by

    throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm

    tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.")

    time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place

    tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest

    to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose

    today - n. this day

    together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation

    tomorrow - n. the day after today

    tonight - n. this night

    too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary

    tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work

    top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something

    torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from

    total - n. the complete amount

    touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on

    toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to

    town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city

    trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services

    tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time

    traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway

    tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible

    train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad

    transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another

    transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people

    trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals

    travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance

    treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies

    treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value

    treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure

    treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better

    treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations

    tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves

    trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true

    tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader

    trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something

    trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance

    troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group

    trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems

    truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved

    truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods

    true - ad. correct; not false

    trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm

    try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime

    tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept

    turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape

    U

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    under - prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action is not permitted under the law.")

    understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of

    unite - v. to join together

    universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars

    university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations

    unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.")

    until - conj. up to a time; before

    up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value

    urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something

    urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action

    us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.")

    use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action

    usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard

    V

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    valley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land

    value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold

    vegetable - n. a plant grown for food

    vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck

    version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms

    very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.")

    veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve

    vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate

    victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked

    victory - n. a success in a fight or competition

    village - n. a very small town

    violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)

    violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage

    visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons

    voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking

    volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air

    vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing

    W

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    wages - n. money received for work done

    wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone

    walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other

    wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land

    want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need

    war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons

    warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat

    warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen

    wash - v. to make clean, usually with water

    waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body

    watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for

    water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans

    wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean

    way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method

    we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.")

    weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong

    wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value

    weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war

    wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes

    weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold

    week - n. a period of time equal to seven days

    weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is

    welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops

    well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found

    west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down

    wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry

    what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.")

    wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain

    wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center

    when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")

    where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.")

    which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?")

    while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.")

    white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow

    who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")

    whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces

    why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.")

    wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited

    wife - n. a woman who is married

    wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled

    will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.")

    willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.")

    win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle

    wind - n. a strong movement of air

    window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass

    winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring

    wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another

    wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions

    wish - v. to want; to express a desire for

    with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door")

    withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove

    without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing

    woman - n. an adult female human

    wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise

    wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good

    wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made

    word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language

    work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money

    world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth

    worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen

    worse - ad. more bad than

    worth - n. value measured in money

    wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken

    wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken

    wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed

    write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper

    wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right

    Y

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    year - n. a period of time equal to twelve months

    yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun

    yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit

    yesterday - n. the day before today

    yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.")

    you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to

    young - ad. in the early years of life; not old

    Z

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    zero - n. the number meaning none or nothing

    zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study

    COMMON PREFIXES

    TOP

    dis - not (dishonest, disobey)

    pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)

    re - to do again (reorganize, reunite)

    self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed)

    un - not (unusual, unhappy)

    COMMON EXPRESSIONS

    TOP

    carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")

    pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")

    take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.")

    WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH
    SCIENCE PROGRAMS

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    atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements

    bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease

    cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals

    chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes

    compound - a substance containing two or more elements

    dense - close together; thick

    electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force

    element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances

    enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself

    fetus - unborn young

    fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy

    fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy

    genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid

    genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism

    gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth

    image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing

    laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light

    magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism

    molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist

    nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain

    nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell

    nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

    nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow

    organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain

    organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope

    particle - a very small piece of matter

    proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue

    robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks

    tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing

    virus - a kind of organism that causes disease

    x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine

    ORGANS OF THE BODY

    TOP

    heart - pumps blood through the body

    intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body

    kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body

    liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood

    lung - takes in and expels air from the body

    prostate - a part of the male reproductive system

    stomach - breaks down food for the body to use

    uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops


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