TO BE / BE
'We are about to be late! Hurry up!' Présentation
Le verbe auxiliaire to be est certainement le verbe le plus utilisé en anglais. Il est le plus souvent la traduction du verbe 'être', mais pas toujours. C'est le seul verbe, qui, même quand il est verbe principal, sera traité comme un auxiliaire.
Son utilisation
To be + adjectif sert - à renseigner sur un état instantané ou durable.
I am happy Je suis content. You are nasty. Vous êtes désagréable. Are you ready? Êtes-vous prêt? - à renseigner sur une description I am French. Je suis français. He is fat. Il est gros. To be + nom - sert à renseigner sur une situation permanente I am a teacher. Je suis professeur. They are friends. Ils sont amis.
To be + préposition - sert à renseigner sur un endroit, un lieu He is in his bedroom. Il est dans sa chambre. I am in France. Je suis en France. You are on the chair. Tu es sur la chaise.
- sert à renseigner sur un endroit d'origine I am from France. Je suis de France. To be +verbe ('be'= auxiliaire.)
Il est suivi d'un verbe en -ING au présent progressif. I am sleeping / you are sleeping / he-she-it is sleeping we are sleeping / you are sleeping / they are sleeping
Il est suivi d'un verbe au participe passé à la voix passive. Cars are parked over there. Suivi d'un infinitif (mais peu usité) dans des constructions formelles qui expriment l'idée d'une action obligatoire. You are to tell the truth. Vous devez dire la vérité. Faites attention : To be ne se traduit pas forcément par 'être'. I'm twelve. J'ai douze ans. I'm hungry / thirsty. J'ai faim / soif. I'm fine. Je vais bien. I'm lucky. J'ai de la chance. I'm cold / hot / warm. J'ai froid/chaud. I'm afraid. J'ai peur.
Ses conjugaisons: Temps simples
| Simple present I am / you are / he-she-it is / we are / you are / they are
| Preterit I was / you were/ he-she-it was / we were /you were / they were
| Imperative be / let's be / be
| Temps composés
| Present continuous I am being /you are being / he-she-it is being we are being /you are being / they are being
| Present perfect I have been / you have been / he-she-it has been we have been /you have been / they have been
| Present perfect continuous I have been being / you have been being /he-she-it has been being we have been being / you have been being / they have been being
| Future I will be / you will be / he-she-it will be we will be / you will be / they will be
| Future perfect I will have been /you will have been / he-she-it will have been we will have been / you will have been / they will have been
| Future continuous I will be being /you will be being /he-she-it will be being we will be being /you will be being /they will be being
| Future perfect continuous I will have been being / you will have been being /he-she-it will have been being we will have been being /you will have been being /they will have been being
| Past continuous I was being / you were being / he-she-it was being we were being / you were being / they were being
| Past perfect I had been /you had been /he-she-it had been we had been / you had been /they had been
| Past perfect continuous I had been being /you had been being /he-she-it had been being we had been being /you had been being /they had been being
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