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How much - how many - a lot of

2.a) 'How many' is used before count words.

   b) Count words have both a singular and a plural form.

       Examples:

       How many books do you have? I have a history book and some geography books.

       How many people were at the conference? I saw a person on the stage and some people sitting down.

3.a) 'How much' is used before non-count words.

   b) Non-count words have the same form in the singular and the plural.We don't put 'a' before them.

       Examples:

      I would like some water.How much water would you like?

   c) 'How much' is also used to ask prices.

      Examples.

      How much is this water? How much are these books?

4. 'Much'/ 'many' are mostly used in questions and negatives. For the purpose of this exercise, affirmatives take 'a lot of'.

5. Here is a list of some words that are non-count in English (but not necessarily in French)

       meat, pollution, information, equipment, advice, work, money, time (in general), food, traffic...

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1.When talking about quantities ' how much/how many 'are usually followed by a noun. How many cousins have you got? = correct. How many have you got cousins = incorrect 2.It is not wrong to use 'many' in affirmatives. However in spoken English 'a lot of' is much more frequent. 3.It is wrong to use 'much' in affirmatives. 'I have much food' is quite simply wrong.You should say, 'I have a lot of food'.